advertising

advertising
old spice
lucozade
charity shelter


awareness
interest
desire
=marketing


-songs                 -unique
-shocking           -recognizable
-unusual

structural features
copy
logo
headline
central image
subheading
typography
slogan
brand identity

direct mode of address ~look straight at the camera 

big issue

social
 cultural
 political

niche market

circulation-number of copies they sell
readership-total number of people likely to read
mass audience -readership on a larger scale
niche audience-small market
subscription- reader pays for a set number of magazine in advance at a lower price and receives them by post


intertexuality
hand up not a hand out

masthead=title of magazines
plug- text that 'plugs' a feature that will appear inside.
puff-story given prominence on the cover
cover star- stars that feature on cover
anchorage text- text that anchors main image and gives it context/meaning
banner-text that runs across lower section of cover
skyline- text that runs across top of cover

advertising accounts for 70%
audience is 30%

100,000 sold each week
£2.50 sold -1.25 goes to trader
made £5 billion -2013
under 40,000 bed spaces

hybrid genre

Cons of online media:

•  Only have 140 characters to tell the story - like on twitter 
• Inaccurate and you will have lots of facts missing 
• journalistic integrity can be compromised - can't trust a source too much as all journalists have their own opinion 
• Amateur reporters putting themselves or others in harm's way to get the scoop - too many reporters harassing celebrities for photos 

The Guardian-

the guardian is the second most popular newspaper and the 4th most famous. The Guardian is described as intelligent, interesting, informative and was well written for politics

Daily Mail-

 is the 4th most popular newspaper and the most famous. Daily Mail is described by fans as in touch with ordinary people, informative, interesting and stand up for ordinary people.

Fix - addicted to news, need a 'fix'

Track - Accesses new regularly throughout the day to keep up to date

Fill - Is a commuter, uses it as a past time when traveling to work or has free time

Indulge - Make time to enjoy the news as a break from everything else in the day

Invest - read the news regularly to get an in-depth perspective on stories

Millennials -are more likely to adopt the fix and fill habits while boomers have more time to adopt the indulge and investing habits. these are people aged 30+

Boomers - 6pm news BBC, channel 4 has 7pm news (much more in depth), 10pm BBC news 

comparision between mid market,tabloids and broadsheet

newspapers

There as four different types of printed newspapers they include:

-broadsheet ~the guardian

-tabloid ~the sun

-mid-market tabloids ~ the daily mail

-local newspapers ~ south London press



The fourth estate 
1. clergy

2. monarchy

3. wealthy business and upper class

4. newspaper

Subjective: Tabloid
Objective: Broadsheet

Different types of News:

• Soft: Weather, Celebrity gossip or fashion.

• Hard: Attacks, death, Politics, Science, War, Education, Health or World events.

comparison of broadsheet and tabloid

The Daily Mail 

                                                                            The Guardian 

Comparison-
The Daily mail shows news that's happening within the public and more of a travesty story, whereas the guardian shows more of a political story as its about Brexit. They are both completely different story's as they attract different target audiences, such as the daily mail targets people with children as the women had five children and she died, this is more of a human interest story. Whereas the guardian has more of an older target audience as the story attracts people that follow political views. Both news articles show completely different story's that target different types of people.

Language-
The language used in both are completely different as in the tabloid it shows more of a dramatic story as this is about someone that has had a travesty happen and has died of the result. This also shows conflict and human interest as the public would want to read about what has happened and tell others. Whereas in the broadsheet this shows a more formal story and more serious. The guardian has more serious wording and more detailed descriptions, as well as the title.


Comments-
The tabloid shows comments about what people are feeling and shows their sympathy, whereas in the broadsheet they have a discussion of what their own opinions as this is a topic that people have big debates on. The Guardian comments have more of a formal discussion and the daily mail shows a different discussion as they are showing their emotion.

newspaper terminology

advantages and disadvantages of online news

advantages 

-easy accessible
-reaches more customers/more popular
-more interactive ~audience participation
- free to read~ daily mail, the sun, guardian (1m subscribers)
-daily telegraph, financial times, the times.
-live updates


disadvantages
-lack of data
-bad for environment
-pop ups are annoying
-distractions
-more in depth articles
 

language

gate keeping- decisions has to be passed though someone


news value- scoring system

threshold- bigger impact and reach of the story

unexpectedness- event the shocks the ordinary

negativity- bad news is more interesting

elite persons/places- important people and powerful nations

unambiguous- easy to understand

personalisation- human interest 'real'

proximity- closer to home

continuity/currency- news that is already in the news but are continued. 

language

Stereotypes= audience instantly understands them.

Archetypes= 'ultimate' stereotype

Counter type= representation that challenges tradition stereotypical associations of groups, people or places.

Dominant ideology-

-physical able

-white

-middle class

-christian
-male


Representation

• the way which people events and ideas are presented to the audience. 

Gatekeeper= person involved in media production with power to make a decision about something the audience are allowed to read hear or see. 

Dr cages 

D- disability 

R- regional identity 

C- class

A- age 

G-gender 

E- ethnicity 

S- sexuality 

language

lighting-

high key= Bright, happy, Sunday

low key =Dark, shadows

Natural= everyday lighting



3 main lighting 

fill light
back light
key light


chiaroscuro= light - dark




M- music

C- contractual/parallel- music opposite/right for the scene

D-Dietetic, non dietetic- sounds actors hear/ cant hear 

O- off screen- can hear but cant see

V- voice over

E- emotion

D- dialogue- how did they express their voice

audience

Demographic profiling:

A- higher management, bankers, lawyers, doctors

B- middle management, teachers

C-junior management, nurses, supervisors, nurses, office 

C2- skilled manual workers, plumber, builder

D-semi skilled workers 

E- unemployment, students 

Psycho-graphic profiling:

ASPIRES- seek status, care about appearance 

SUCCEDERS-  seek control 

RESIGNED- seek survival, older people

EXPLORERS- seek discovery

STRUGGLERS-seek escape 

REFORMERS- seek enlightenment

boyz in da hood

Camera

• The camera zoomed into the stop sign to show that the things happening should stop.
• camera uses crab left to look like were walking with the children.
• ped up ped down was used to show all the rubbish the boy was standing on, as the streets aren't clean. 
• low angle on the children in the class room, to show the children are innocent.  
• high angle on the teacher to show that the teacher is more powerful and is in control of the children.

Mise En Scene

• Dogs are running around the streets with no owners that are spreading diseases.
•  "Police line do not cross" bright yellow tape to symbolize caution.   
• The costumes that the actors are wearing are over sized and look too big for them.

Sound 

• In beginning you can hear people aggressively swearing and saying negative comments. 
• There is a sound of a gun in the opening scene with people screaming after it went off.
• police calls "officer needs assistance".

Editing 

• The opening credits show the title grow from the background to big bold letters enabling the audience to read it after exceeding the screen to make it look like its going beyond the camera.
• Real quotes appear on the screen that show true facts.
• Mans blood fades into the children happy painting, to show the clear differences.

 

ghost ship

Four main techniques people recognize 



Camera
-close up on the wire
-birds eye: creates importance of the ship deck
-the framing of girl > center film

Sound
-happy music/ upbeat
-intense music
-romance
-music>echos quiet
-sound of machinery
-sound effects

Mise en scene
-a dark filter over the man who sets up the wire
-red dress>danger
-pink swirly writing
-dark setting> hints at what is going to happen
-spotlights slashing

Editing
-mixtures of speeds and cut > confuses
-changes mood
-during the death scene it flicks between lots of different scene to fit the music

mise en scene

example for semiotics

Denotation- There's a big monster shaped red-figure in the top above all the characters

Connotation- This implies that its the villain due to the red coloring and the lightning suggesting its negative. 

Denotation-  There's a little girl holding out her hands directly in the center

Connotation- This suggests that she has powers or trying to stop something bad; she's protecting herself and her friends.

Denotation- Three young boys at the front on old-fashioned bikes

Connotations- This would imply that the series is set in the past as they are also wearing dated clothes.                                                                                                                                                     

Denotation- Boy with a metal spiked rounders bat on the right   

Connotations- This could indicate that there's something that he needs to fight as he's carrying around a weapon

Denotation- Boy looking shocked in the center

Connotation- This could imply that there's something to be scared of

Denotation- Sheriff with a flashlight on the left
Connotation- This would indicate that theres something that needs to be investigated 

semiotics

semiotics 

definition-

we read images and pictures in an attempt to decode them and make sense of what they mean to us.

denotation-
what we see when we look at an image (what it is)

connotation-

what we understand from this image (what other meanings it has)

examples
red= anger, love negativity, aggression, socialism, communism, danger, blood, heat, passion.
blue= calm, ice, cold, boys, water, sadness, royalty, trueness.
yellow= cowardice, sunshine, electricity, happiness, summer, caution, hope.
green= envy, greed, nature, growth, grass, youth, money.

experiments

teen film 

D & I-For the first task, we created a picture that would be ideal for our chosen theme, to complete this we used the stereotypical boy texting on the school playground.  

S- On the school playground with the school building behind sitting on a bench. this creates a typical teen day.

T- the theme we created could represent loneliness due to the boy sitting all alone  

I- the significant prop we used was a mobile phone which most average teenager owns. 

N- teenage day at school

C- teenage boy

T- we captured the photo so we could have the school in the background so when the audience looked at it they would a mediately recognize it to be a school, to complete this we took it in a wide shot.

sci-fi

D &I- this is a picture that we took to try and resemble a sci-fi movie poster, for this, we attempted to use our hands to cup the flame with a plastic overlay so it would distort the image and create a glowing effect.

S -the scene was in a science lab. 

T- the theme could represent dauntless as it shows how fearless he is as fire is deadly and he's nearly touching the flame.

I- the significant prop we used was the bunsen burner as without it there would be no flame. Also, the plastic sheld which allowed us to distort/disfigure the image to make it look blurry.

N- daring person that isn't afraid to do something dangerous.

C- teenage boy

T- this photo demonstrates a close-up shot that doesn't allow the audience to see his face just that action that he's doing.

genre

 definition of hybrid:
A combination of two genres.

Steve Neale theory:

→A man called Steve Neale stated that genres may be dominated by the repetition, but are also marked by difference, variation, and change.

→The idea that these genres change, develop and vary as they borrow and overlap with one another.

definition of genre- a type or category of
d- describe
i- in detail
s- setting (location, historical time period)
t- theme (love, guilt, revenge, good vs evil)
i- icons (significant props- weapon or wallet)
n- narrative, how the story is told, plot
c- characters boy/girl background
t- textual analysis style of camera, editing, mise en scene and sound


some of the genre examples are-

horror                                  anime                            drama

fantasy                                 romcom                         teen film

thriller                                  action                           musical

sci-fi                                    adventure                      super hero

western                                documentary                 crime

comedy                                romance                        mystery